Essay about Teen Pregnancy Prevention - 1164 Words

Many methods can be used to prevent teenage pregnancy and can decrease the birthrate significantly. Doctors and parents play a key role in teen pregnancy preventions. Since teen birthrates are rising, teens have to have access to preventions in order for it to be effective. With having permission from a guardian to engage in preventions, children can prevent themselves from becoming a parent at such a young age. Parents should properly inform their child on the subject of sex and communicate with them daily to figure out if further methods should be considered. The most common and effective type of prevention is contraceptive use. Adolescents have to learn about these contraceptives to prevent pregnancy and this is where sex education†¦show more content†¦Prevention programs can introduce adolescents to what it takes to be a parent and can provide them with the knowledge to prevent pregnancy. According to Saunder, â€Å"Pregnancy prevention programs can help teens become m ore skilled, and increase their confidence in those skills, in using contraception effectively and in negotiating abstinence or the use of contraception with their partner. Programs can also help participants to identify risky situations and effective ways to avoid those situations† (Saunder). Programs based on teenage pregnancy prevention help develop a better and more advanced understanding on how to avoid consequences that are life changing. In order to avoid situations that lead to pregnancy and for prevention methods to be effective, sex education needs to be considered. Comprehensive sex education equips teens with the knowledge to perform safe sexual practices. This method requires a special teacher that can easily get through to an adolescent that is willing to take advice. According to Stanger-Hall, â€Å"An important first step towards lowering the high teen pregnancy rates would be states requiring that comprehensive sex education (with abstinence as a desired behavior) is taught in all public schools. Another important step would involve specialized teacher training† (Stanger-Hall). Teen pregnancies decline from the help of teachers specialized in the particular subject of teenShow MoreRelatedThe Prevention of Teen Pregnancy1638 Words   |  7 PagesTopic: Prevention of Teen Pregnancy Specific Purpose: To persuade others to help prevent teen pregnancy. Thesis Statement: Teen pregnancy is one of the most difficult experiences a young woman passes through. The stress of pregnancy, revealing of the pregnancy to parents, and moving on despite the shame and worry can be terrifying. Some may say they did not use protection because they werent planning to have sex. These kinds of life altering choices must be considered in advance in order to preventRead MoreTEEN PREGNANCY PREVENTION Essay1918 Words   |  8 PagesTeen pregnancy has become an epidemic in the United States alone. The United States has the highest rate of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the industrialized world. Each year, one out of three teenage girls becomes pregnant. Although teen pregnancy rates have dropped from 61.8 births per 1,000 in 1991 to 41.7 births per 1,000 in 2003, pregnancy rates in the U.S. still are declining at slower rates than those in other developed nations (Block et al., 2005. para,Read MoreEssay Teen Pregnancy Prevention2313 Words   |  10 Pages The rise of the teen pregnancy rate has caused us to question the effectiveness of the prevention programs that are offered to adolescents. There have been several programs focused on preventing teen pregnancy from abstinence-only to more comprehensive sexual education programs. Abstinent-only advocates believe that abstaining from having intercourse is the only way to prevent unwanted teen pregnancy. While practicing abstinence is the only 100% secure method of reducing this rateRead MoreAssessment of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Interventions648 Words   |  3 PagesAssessment of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Interventions How is the literature review used in this research study? Using one (1) previous study cited by the authors, discuss how the findings of this past study is relevant to the current study. (2 pts) The literature review in this study was used to demonstrate the problem and occurrence of adolescent pregnancy and birth rates in the United States. Furthermore, the concern about this phenomenon as it pertains to Florida is addressed. A correlationRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Problems and Prevention Strategies2068 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Teen Pregnancy problems and prevention strategies While many people are inclined to express indifference regarding this concept, teen pregnancy is one of the most controversial topics in the contemporary society. This experience can be devastating for some individuals, as the fact that they are raw makes it difficult for them to effectively deal with the problem. Society becomes more stressing and most teens who become pregnant come to express feelings related to shame and fear. The fact that theseRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A High Risk, The Effects, And The Prevention Of Teen Pregnancy1242 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a huge problem in the United States, but the rates are not at an all-time high. The pregnancy rates of teens have actually gone down in the past few years, but it still is a big problem here in the United States. The United States has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy, Russia has the second highest. Teenage pregnancy is a social and economic problem; it is not good for our country. This essay, will discuss who is at a high risk, the effects, and the prevention of teen pregnancyRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Prevention : One Of The Most Controversial Subjects875 Words   |  4 PagesPreventing Teen Pregnancy Teen pregnancy prevention is one of the most controversial subjects in today’s society. Many will argue that peer pressure and the area you live in are contributing factors to most adolescent pregnancies. No matter what geographic location you reside in, the problem is usually in the home, in the school system, and the cost of contraception and the barriers in obtaining it. The biggest predicament regarding the issue of adolescent pregnancy is the question of prevention. PreventingRead MoreEssay on The PPACA: Obesity and Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs1106 Words   |  5 Pages2009, p.1314). In fact, more than 60% of teens who give birth before the age of 18 will drop out of high school, putting them at a greater risk of being impoverished later in life (Harris Allgood, 2009, p.1314). Additionally, the children of adolescent mothers are more likely to have complicated deliveries that can lead to chronic medical and developmental problems (Harris Allgood, 2009, p.1315). With higher rates of poverty as well as increased pregnancy complications, many teenage mothers mayRead MoreEvaluation Of Sex Education School On Teen Pregnancy Prevention3109 Words   |  13 Pages Research Proposal Evaluation of Sex Education in School on Teen Pregnancy Prevention Megan R. Fitzgerald PSY 290 – Research Methods Gayle Schwark, Ph.D. Arizona State University November 27, 2014 Abstract This study is proposed in order to evaluate the various types of school-based sex education programs and the effect that these specific programs have on teen pregnancy rates. The type of approaches for school-based sex education programs offered to the teenage participants will beRead MoreTeen Pregnancy and High School Drop Out Prevention3722 Words   |  15 PagesTeenage pregnancy is affecting the graduation rate in high schools. All over the nation the dropout rate of students is increasing, of which teen pregnancy is often a factor. â€Å"Approximately 1,000 high school students will drop out with each hour that passes in a school day in America. This means that 30 percent of the class of 2007, or 1.2 million students, were estimated to have dropped out last year† (National Womens Law Center, 2007). Many factors combine to affect a pregnant or parenting teen’s

The Birth of P-Funk George Clinton - 842 Words

In ancient African civilizations music took precedence in all activities that the tribes participated in. There was a song for every celebration, every birth, and every death. As Africans were enslaved and moved to North America by Europeans, many customs and traditions followed with them. As their culture was stripped from them and European ideals were placed upon them, they kept song as their universal language and their link to the motherland. From early on, slave songs also known as â€Å"Negro Spirituals† were the first inclination of what could be considered African American music. These songs were largely influenced by the conversion of many Africans to Christianity, and generally held a religious overtone. As slavery came and went and†¦show more content†¦The unopposed king of funk music is no other than George Clinton. Born in Kannapolis, North Carolina on July 22, 1941, Clinton became interested in doo-wop while living in New Jersey during the early 50s. Whe n he found acid rock and protest music in the late 1960s, he combined cosmological rants with the already booming bass sound to form a new style of afrocentric funk. Clinton was the mastermind of the Parliament/Funkadelic collective, his two bands that he orchestrated during the 1970s. He formed the Parliaments in 1955, based out of a barbershop back room where he straightened hair. The group had a small Ramp;B hit during 1967, but Clinton began to architect the Parliaments activities two years later. Recording both as Parliament and Funkadelic, the group revolutionized Ramp;B during the 70s, twisting soul music into funk by adding influences from several late-60s acid heroes: Jimi Hendrix, Frank Zappa, and Sly Stone. The Parliament/Funkadelic machine ruled black music during the 70s. George Clinton broke up both bands by 1981 and began recording solo albums, occasionally performing live with his former bandmates as the P.Funk All-Stars. capturing over 40 Ramp;B hit singles (includi ng three number ones) and recording three platinum albums. The psychedelic themes that Clinton displayed in his music appealed to black and white audiences alike and became very popular with those involved in the drug culture.Show MoreRelatedFirst Bank of the United States4267 Words   |  18 Pagesto stabilize prices. Fearing that they are overextending, bankers cease extending credit to investors. The bubble bursts and prices plummet. This story could seemingly be ripped from today’s headlines. Instead, the foregoing was the story of birth of the first Bank of the United States. The banks tumultuous beginnings sent ripples through the precarious early-American economy. Hamilton endeavored to mold this economy into a capitalistic, industrial power, contrary to the wants of much of theRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesaware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whetten, David A. (David Allred) Developing management skills /David A. Whetten, Kim S. Cameron.—8th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4

Management Information Systems free essay sample

What management, organization, and technology were responsible for the problem? What was the business impact of this software problem, both for McAfee and for its customer? If you were a McAfee enterprise customer, would you consider McAfee’s response to the problem be acceptable? Why or why not? What should McAfee do in the future to avoid similar problems? How Secure is the Cloud? What security and control problems are described in this case? What people, organization, and technology factors contribute to these problems. How secure is cloud computing? Explain your answer. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Information Systems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you were in charge of your company’s information systems department, what issues would you want to clarify with prospective vendors? Would you entrust your corporate systems to a cloud computing provider? Why or why not? Are Electronic Medical Records a Cure for Health Care? What management, organization, and technology factors are responsible for the difficulties in building electronic medical record systems? Explain your answer. What stages of system building will be the most difficult when creating electronic medical record systems? Explain your answer. What is the business and social impact of not digitizing medical records (to individual physicians, hospitals, insurers, patients)? JetBlue and WestJet: A Tale of Two is Projects How important is the reservation system at airlines such as WestJet and JetBlue? How does it impact operational activities and decision making? Evaluate the key risk factors of the projects to upgrade the reservation systems of WestJet and JetBlue. Classify and describe the problem each airline faced in implanting its new reservation system. What management, organization, and technology factors caused those problems? Describe the steps you would have taken to control the risk in these projects.

Marketing Plan Skylarknet a Wireless free essay sample

Wireless mesh networking is the latest tech in this field. Internet pro Wireless networks provide unprecedented freedom and mobility for a growing number of laptop and PDA users who no longer need wires to stay connected with their workplace and the Internet. Ironically, the very devices that provide wireless service to these clients need lots of wiring themselves to connect to private networks and the Internet. This wiring is expensive to install and change, and deployment must be carefully planned and timed to minimize disruption to normal business operations.Permits or permissions may be required, and then there are the laborious tasks of pulling, terminating and testing the copper wiring or fiber optic cabling. With all the work involved, it should not be surprising that wiring can be the most expensive part of a â€Å"wireless† network! Indeed, the many obstacles associated with wiring are now preventing or delaying the deployment of wireless applications that could deliver a real competitive advantage or a high return on invest ment—or both. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Skylarknet a Wireless or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This marketing plan provides an overview of implementing Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) service for the first time in the suburban areas ofBangladesh. Wireless Mesh Network is an exciting new technology which has tremendous potential especially for a developing country like Bangladesh. Quite a few African countries are already benefiting from this novel technology. Supported by the growing buying power, a number of desktop and laptop users in the suburban areas of Bangladesh are badly in need of high quality internet service. In the world of internet the best suitable option stands for the suburban areas is the wireless technology.We plan to act as a service and equipment provider for the local ISP dealers and some institutional market such as university campus, NGO, hospitals and nursing home etc. As we are the pioneer of this new technology we conducted an insightful analysis of the competitor’s position and their offerings. The marketing plan starts with the situational analysis of the current market. External and internal factor analysis (SWOT analysis) provides a clear picture of current scenario. Grameen Phone, Qubee, Banglalion, ZoomUltra are our main competitors.But the cost of their offering is much higher than ours. Because there lies a higher establishment cost. Eliminating wires dramatically reduces the implementation costs, and substantially simplifies on-going operations. Without wires, the network becomes far more adaptable and flexible. That’s why we focus on the cost effectiveness and performance of the WMN service. We identify our company as a market challenger and set some strategies suitable for the challengers. Some pilot projects are planned to create the awareness among target customers.Based on these projects success further promotional and pricing strategies are set. In the later part of the report the feasibility of this marketing plan is justified by the financial analysis. Expense and sales are forecasted for the next three years followed by a break-even analysis. Overall monitoring and contingency plan (in the case of failure) completes the total planning for our company. Introduction In this world of modern technology, most people prefer not to connect computers with Ethernet cables because excessive cables scattered throughout their office or home is unsightly.One can choose to install a wireless network to avoid excessive cabling. For a wireless network, there is no need to use Ethernet cables to connect your computers to the DSL or router. Moreover, WLANs are available anywhere in the world at an affordable cost. In the suburban and rural areas Wireless tech suits best. Wireless mesh networking is the newest tech in wireless field. Our objective is to identify the potential suburban customers of Bangladesh who can afford a cost-effective internet service. Origin of the StudyThis report has been prepared a requirement to fulfill the course. This report evaluates the business opportunity of latest wireless mesh network technology in the suburban areas of Bangladesh from service provider point of view. Objective of the Study The primary objective of this report is to fulfill the course requirement of â€Å"Marketing Management†. The secondary objective is to describe a detail marketing plan for a new technology. Limitation of the Study There is no authentic statistics about the potential number of internet users in the suburban areas of Bangladesh.As this is a new technology, the costs of the equipments vary depending on the different manufacturers. We are making a new entry, so the estimation of potential market is based on the secondary data of other existing competitors rather than the primary data. Sales and expense is forecasted on the discretion of our part that may vary widely in real case implementation. Unavailability of previous year’s financial report necessitates greater recourse to mere guessing in some cases. Situational Analysis What is WMN (Wireless Mesh Network)?Mesh networks represent an emerging wireless networking technology that promises wider coverage than traditional wireless LANs and lower deployment and operation costs than 3G cellular networks. For these reasons, network operators and service providers consider mesh networking to be a serious candidate to solve the so called last mile problem. Some network operators worldwide have already started to deploy mesh based access networks offering nearly ubiquitous and inexpensive wireless Internet connections to their customers. Examples are Ozones mesh network in Paris (www. zone. net/en/) and The Cloud in the City of London (www. thecloud. net). The real business potential lies in operator based mesh networks. By their systematic design, deployment, and maintenance, operator based mesh networks provide higher levels of Quality-of-Service (QoS), meaning larger coverage, higher speed, and more reliable operation. In addition, it can be argued that mesh network operators in a given geographical area will cooperate in order to further optimize their costs and increase the QoS provided by their networks.The form of the cooperation can range from traditional roaming agreements to joint provision of specific services. Figure 1: Wireless Mesh Network Strategic planning is important because in well-run companies the goal from the very top of the organization down to where one is working should form a more-or-less unbroken chain (or â€Å"hierarchy†) of goals. At the top of the company the president and his or her staff set strategic goals. These goals should flow from top and make sense in terms of the goals at the next level up. Then the vice presidents’ subordinates set their own goals, and so on down the line.In this way, management creates a hierarchy or chain of departmental goals, from the top down the lowest-ranked managers, and even employees. Then , if everyone does his or her job-if each salesperson sells his her quota, and the sales manager hires enough good salespeople, and the HR manager creates the right incentive plan, and the purchasing head buys and CEO should also accomplish the overall, company-wide strategic goals. One could therefore say with great certainty that without a clear plan at the top, no one in the company would have the foggiest notion of what to do.Wireless Internet Market in Bangladesh Wireless Internet Service was first introduced to Bangladesh in public by cell phone giant Grameen Phone. Then other GSM mobile phone operators like Banglalink, Aktel and Warid follow suit. Citycell, the only CDMA based mobile phone operator in Bangladesh introduced the Zoom internet service, which was a little different from the other mobile phone operators in that consumers could connect to internet by using a USB modem included in the Zoom package. Later on Grameen Phone also introduced a package where they include an USB modem.

Working Remotely The Pros and Cons of Remote Work

Working Remotely The Pros and Cons of Remote Work Working 9 to 5 When I worked in a â€Å"9 to 5† job as a legal services attorney, I used to stop at the gym on my way back from morning court dates. No one really knew at what time I was finished in court, and I always got my work done, staying late if necessary. So I never got in trouble for my liberties. And while I felt a little guilty about pushing the boundaries of my workday, overall I was happier. I could both keep my job and do other things that were important to me. What made me less happy was that I didn’t spend as much time as I wanted with my family, who lived in a different state. With just two or three weeks’ vacation, I did not have much flexibility. I would travel for short weekends, never feeling like I had enough time to spend with the people I loved. The Pleasures of Flex Time and Working Remotely Now that I am a business owner working from home, my flexible hours are a given. I make my own schedule (which includes  9:30am yoga classes). I can travel whenever I want, to anywhere I want, as long as there’s a phone and internet connection. Sure I work every day, but at least I get some changes of scenery. It would be hard for me to adjust now to a job that required me to be in an office for 9 hours a day, 5 days a week. A remote job, however, I could handle. Especially if it came with flex time and â€Å"unlimited vacation,† perks which many companies are starting to offer. I’m not alone in my sentiments. It turns out remote workers are happier and more productive, and feel more valued than non-remote employees. And a Harvard Business Review article cited a survey conducted by Fractl which found that â€Å"after health insurance, employees place the highest value on benefits †¦ such as flexible hours, more paid vacation time, and work-from-home options.  Not surprisingly, parents are the demographic most enthusiastic about flexible hours and work-life balance. They value these perks even more than health insurance when considering potential job offers! Remote Working Trends FlexJobs reports that 3.9 million U.S. employees work from home at least half of the time, more than double the number from 13 years ago. Interestingly, older workers (over 35) are more likely to telecommute than younger ones. Oh yes, I remember that up until age 35, I found it natural to go to an office and stay there all day! I must admit this data on rising remote work surprised me. I had recently heard about big companies like Yahoo, IBM, and Bank of America going in the opposite direction. They have called thousands of remote employees back into the office – resulting in widespread layoffs. The idea was that remote workers were not able to collaborate and participate in company culture to the extent these companies needed. There were also some situations where employees took inappropriate advantage of their right to work from home. Achieving Balance As with anything in life, balance – and communication – are key. Some companies, like Buffer and Basecamp, function well with fully remote teams. They have robust systems in place to ensure collaboration and communication. Other organizations do better having their employees in person, but allowing flexibility when, for instance, an employee’s child has a doctor’s appointment. And some positions at the same company can be better suited to remote work than others. I’m hearing from some clients that they have been working remotely in their current positions, but to advance to higher levels they need to be physically in the office. That makes sense to me. The benefits to employees of working remotely are clear, and so are the down-sides – like weaker relationships with colleagues, and the pull to procrastinate. Different personalities are suited to different levels of freedom. Benefits for Companies For companies, there are cost-saving benefits to leveraging remote workers. People who previously had to fly from across the globe for meetings, now can attend remotely with the same result. Software platforms (Zoom, Dropbox, GoogleDocs, Slack, etc.) make collaboration easy across continents, and new companies are springing up to take advantage of remote working trends. Remote workers’ productivity is also less affected by things like snow days (better for the company, perhaps, but maybe not as great for the worker who wants to go make snow people with the kids). One company, Kolabtree, predicts that by 2020, 50% of the U.S. workforce will be freelancing. I don’t know if that’s true, but I do think companies need to take care of their employees well and do whatever they can to keep workers happy. If given the right flexibility, even I would consider becoming an employee again! Are you considering working remotely and want help tailoring your resume or LinkedIn profile for the position? Contact us. Well be happy to help you focus your career documents for the job you want.

How to Format Block Quotations

How to Format Block Quotations How to Format Block Quotations How to Format Block Quotations By Mark Nichol A block quotation is a distinct body of type set off from the default text (also called the running text), usually distinguished by insertion of line spaces above and below and formatting of a narrower margin (and sometimes even type of a different point size or a distinct font). When reproducing written text from another source, consider setting the quoted material off from the rest of the content in a block quotation if it is more than a hundred words long. consists of more than one paragraph. is made up of a number of shorter passages (so that it would resemble an indented list without numbers or bullets). constitutes a letter or other correspondence, complete with salutation, signature, and the like, or another type of templated form. requires any special formatting. However, determine whether it might be better to simply paraphrase a long quotation in one or more normal paragraphs with perhaps some partial quotations when phrases should be reproduced verbatim. When the first line of each paragraph in the running text is indented, block quotations of a single paragraph, and the first of multiple paragraphs, are not indented, but subsequent ones should be. When paragraphs in running text are distinguished not by indentation but by line spaces, follow the same format in block quotations. If the block quotation is inserted in a framing paragraph that continues after the quotation, do not indent the first line of the rest of the paragraph. If paragraphs are set off by line spaces, a new paragraph that immediately follows a block quotation should be separated from the quotation by two line spaces so that the new paragraph is not mistaken for a continuation of the paragraph in which the quotation is inserted. When a block quotation is the continuation of an introductory sentence, use punctuation or capitalization (or a lack thereof) accordingly. In this case, the quotation is a continuation of the introduction, so no punctuation or capitalization is necessary: â€Å"The writer described the apparition as a tall, thin wraith of diaphanous constitution, as if made of smoke . . . .† (Note also that a block quotation is not enclosed in quotation marks; it is assumed that such an excerpt is quoted material.) If the first word of the quoted material had originally been capitalized (â€Å"A tall, thin wraith . . .†), silently correct it, as above; it’s not necessary to call attention to the change, as is sometimes done in specialized contexts (â€Å"[a] tall, thin wraith . . .†). A lead-in line consisting of a complete clause, and the first word of the following quotation, should be treated otherwise: â€Å"The writer described the apparition as follows: It was a tall, thin wraith of diaphanous constitution, as if made of smoke . . . .† The same rules hold for run-in quotations (those that are assimilated into the running text): â€Å"The sage says that ‘a fool and his money are soon parted.’† (Though the adage, standing alone, would begin with an uppercase a, it is part of the framing sentence here and must be lowercased; alternatively, you could write, â€Å"The sage says, ‘A fool and his money are soon parted.’†) If the writer wishes to amend or comment on a quotation, several strategies are available: To clarify that a typographical error is in the original, insert sic (Latin for â€Å"thus,† or â€Å"so,† and meaning â€Å"as originally published†), italicized and in brackets, after the offense. Take care, however, not to employ this term as a textual smirk, and if the quotation is full of unconventional, outdated, or variant spelling, an explanatory note before the quotation is preferable to a quotation repeatedly interrupted by [sic]. When you don’t need the entire quotation to illustrate a point, you may delete irrelevant passages and indicate the elision with ellipsis points. However, it is not necessary to precede or follow a passage with ellipses to indicate that you are not reproducing the entire text from which the excerpt is derived; the reader will assume this. If you must make comment or clarify a point, enclose the note in brackets, but be as concise as possible, or provide a longer explanatory note outside the quotation. If you wish to emphasize one or more words or phrases, follow the quotation with the parenthesized note â€Å"Italics added† or â€Å"Emphasis mine,† or vice versa. But a quotation with extant italicization should be treated differently: Insert the comment in brackets immediately following your emphasis. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†How to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsTitled versus Entitled

Eduaction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Eduaction - Assignment Example However, the data system is not a threat to traditional teaching styles. Traditional teachers have to be won over by impressing upon them the need to change over to the new system involving data which complements the traditional style by taking care of the important aspects of teaching that may not have been addressed by the traditional teacher. Involving digital data system enables getting hold of vast information on students in very short time without undue stress to the teacher and helps her arrange her teaching techniques in such a way that the less intelligent student is able to grasp the contents of what is being taught (McLeod, Dr Scott). Over a period of time, which may be quite short, the teaching community begins to settle down with the feelings that they are all right with their students. The good performance of the majority of the students in the periodical tests lull the teachers with the feelings that things are normal and they can continue teaching in their usual styles the students have become accustomed to. The current No Child Left Behind (NCLB) policy, however, demands stringent changes in the teaching standards to ensure no child gets left behind. The teachers have no option to update their skills with the latest standards and get whatever help available to ensure they get all the necessary assistance whenever needed to keep abreast the latest techniques. There are chances that teachers may not be able to keep in mind all the features of the latest techniques. Hence, it is essential that they have access to the digital data system for which they have to be initially trained (McLeod, Dr Scott). The data system demands a change in the entire method of teaching. It is result-oriented. "Schools and districts across the country are seeing substantial improvements in student learning and achievement as they incorporate data-driven practices. Teachers in these schools are finding that intelligent and pervasive use of data can improve their instructional interventions for students, re-energize their enthusiasm for teaching, and increase their feelings of professional fulfillment and job satisfaction" (McLeod, Dr Scott). Data-driven system of teaching is not optional. It is becoming mandatory quite fast. Therefore, it is necessary for teachers seriously contemplating to continue as teachers to get accustomed to this system of teaching. Actually, data-driven style of teaching is quite simple if teachers get accustomed to it. The problem is in the mind that anything other than teaching in the traditional way is cumbersome and difficult to comprehend. Initiates procedures and influences teachers to improve instruction inter-visitation and self-analysis techniques Educational institutions now initiate procedures to improve instructions, inter-visitations and self-analysis

Cultural analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cultural analysis - Essay Example The usage declines as the age moves closer to forty. Psychographic: The attitude in the society is highly consumer oriented. People use credit to try and buy things that they cannot even afford. The high part culture makes the country a ready market for cosmetics items. Moreover highly nuclear families ensure that people like spending money on themselves. Women use cosmetics regularly and try to buy the most expensive items possible. The drive for organic products is increasing rapidly in United States. The purchases of organic products however are more common in women above the ages of 30 years (Advanstar, 2010). The females below 30 years are more focused on purchasing items which satisfy their aesthetic needs. Behavior: The organic nail polish according to the interviewed person is mostly used by the mature women belonging to rich families. This is because the prices of organic products are much high as compared to normal ones (Schiffman & Kanuk, 2002). Purchases are made usually from shops rather than online as women prefer to test items before making

Turbines Case Essay Example for Free

Turbines Case Essay Definition and historical background Claude Burdin (1788–1873) was the very first person to use the word turbine. The word came from the Latin term turbo/turbines, which means a â€Å"whirling† or a â€Å"vortex.† Burdin used the term to describe the subject matter of an engineering competition being held during that time for a water power source. It would be an oversimplification to describe turbine as a rotating machine that is used to derive power or electricity from the water; a common water wheel may not immediately or necessarily be a turbine, but it definitely is a rotating machine. A more precise definition of a turbine is that it is a machine â€Å"in which the water moves relatively to the surfaces of the machine, as distinguished from machines in which such motion is secondary, as with a cylinder and piston† (Daugherty and Franzini 1965, 213–214). More broadly, to include other types of turbine, it is one of those devices or machines that is being used to channel or convert energy from a stream of fluid (liquid or gas) into mechanical energy which would eventually be used to generate electrical energy, or to support or augment another utility/device. This is done as the stream passes through a system of fixed and moving fanlike blades which causes the latter to rotate. This device (turbine) looks like a large (and sometimes small) wheel with small radiating blades around its rim. The four general classes of turbines are water or hydraulic, wind, steam, and gas turbines. Water or hydraulic, wind, and steam turbines are generally used for the generation of electricity; while the remaining one, gas turbines, is mostly being used in aircrafts (Britannica Concise Encyclopedia 2006). The principal components of simple turbines are the rotor, which in most if not all cases has blades projecting radially from the center to its periphery; the nozzles, where the working jet of fluid is directed and expanded; and blades, where the conversion of kinetic to mechanical energy takes place. Theoretical and operating principles Potential and kinetic energy both exist in a working fluid, which could be compressible or incompressible. Turbines collect this available energy by utilizing any or both of these physical principles: impulse turbines and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines change the direction of flow of a given high velocity fluid jet. The impulse, as a result of this, causes the turbine to spin or rotate, diminishing the kinetic energy of the fluid flow as this is absorbed by the device. In the case of flowing water, it comes available in purely mechanical form (water in nature is one of the most useful and efficient sources of kinetic energy). Scientific calculations show that 1 cubic meter of water can actually produce 9.8 kilojoules of pure mechanical energy for every meter that the volume of water descends. In the same way, a flow of the same volume of water for every second in a fall of 1 meter can provide 9.8 kilowatts, or 13 horsepower. Hydraulic turbines efficiency is estimated at approximately 1, meaning, almost all energy is available or utilized. This kinetic/mechanical energy can be converted to electrical energy with an efficiency of more than 95.0% (Calvert 2004). To get this much power from water, it should be extracted as it is lowered in elevation. The current in a stream, of course, is obvious. This flow comes from the open-channel movement or flow of water as influenced by gravitational forces. Simply put, holding a paddle-wheel in the stream of water will result to the paddle-wheel being rotated and from this outcome, power can be extracted (mechanical energy or electrical energy). This is an example of elementary impulse turbine, a machine acted upon by the impulse or force of moving or flowing water (Calvert 2004). In the case of reaction turbines, torque is developed as a result of fluids pressure or weight. The fluids pressure changes as it goes through the rotor blades of the turbine. There should be a pressure casement so as to contain and maintain the energy of the working fluid as it acts on the turbine stage(s). If there would be no pressure casement, the turbine must be immersed in the fluid flow, such as in the case of wind turbines. It is the casing that directs and contains the working fluid. In the case of water turbines, it maintains the suction which is imparted by the draft tube (Calvert 2004). A simple but very good example for this principle is the lawn sprinkler. In contrast to the impulse turbine, where the pressure change took place in the nozzle, the pressure change in reaction turbines occurs in the runner itself. This happens at the time that the force is exerted, hence, a reaction. Looking at the example of sprinkler, its duty is to spread water coming from it; the resulting energy from the turbine serves to move (rotate) the sprinkler head. Water flows from the center of the sprinkler going radially outward. Water under pressure comes from the center, and then jets of water that can possibly cover the area go out to the ends of the arms of the sprinkler at zero gauge pressure. The significant decrease in pressure takes place in the sprinklers arms. The water is projected at a certain angle to the radius, but it should be noted that the water from a working sprinkler actually moves along a defined radius. The jets of water do not impinge on a runner; but rather, they leave the runner, and this momentum is not converted into force, as opposed to an impulse turbine. The force residing on the runner reacts to the creation of the momentum, hence, the principle itself, reaction turbine (Calvert 2004). In any case, there is no restriction, as far as laws of physics are concerned, for any machine to utilize both principles. Many machines or devices use both of these principles as it is more efficient for the machine to be that way. Different kinds of turbines There are different kinds of turbines used in modern period: the water or hydraulic, steam, gas, and wind turbines. There are other types but these four are the most common and are usually the bases of any other turbines. Hydroelectric power stations utilize water, or hydraulic, turbine to drive their electric generators. Wisconsin, in 1882, witnessed the first of this kind of turbines. The processes taking place in a hydraulic turbine is simple: falling water hits a set of buckets or blades connected to a shaft. This impact will cause the shaft to rotate and move the rotors of the generator. The most common kinds of hydraulic turbine are the Francis turbine, Pelton wheel, and the Kaplan turbine. Two engineers, Sir Charles A. Parsons and Carl G. P. de Laval (of Great Britain and Sweden, respectively), pioneered the building of hydraulic turbines during the late 19th century. Continual developments and improvements of basic machines made hydraulic turbines to be the main power sources utilized to drive most large electric generators (Reynolds 1970). Another kind of turbine is the steam turbine. This is typically consist of conical steel shell that encloses a central shaft wherein a set of bladed disks are placed like washers. These blades are bent and extend outward (radially) from the edge of each disk. Some steam turbines have shafts that are surrounded by a drum wherein the rows of blades are attached. In between each pair of disks, there is a row of stationary vanes that are attached to the steel shell. These extend radially inward. Each set of vanes together with the bladed disk immediately situated/placed beside it constitutes one stage of the steam turbine. Most steam turbines have multistage engines (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia [Online edition], 2007). Steam turbines are used mostly for electricity generation in thermal power plants, (i.e., plants using fuel oil or coal, or nuclear power). Steam turbines were once used to drive mechanical devices such as in the case of ships propellers. However, most such applications now utilize an intermediate electrical step or reduction gears. Gas turbines are now used mostly for aircraft engines. But there are still some gas turbines being used to drive electric generators (i.e., in an electric–gas turbine locomotive) as well as high-speed tools. The essential components of a gas turbine are (a) compressor, (b) combustion chamber, and (c) turbine that somehow resembles that of a steam turbine (refer to the description in the previous paragraph). The compressor is driven by the turbine, and then provides high-pressure air into the combustion chamber. In this chamber, the high-pressure air is mixed with a fuel and then burned. This makes the high-pressure gas(es) drive the turbine, with the same gas(es) expanding until their pressure decreases and reaches atmospheric pressure (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia [Online edition], 2007). The last kind of turbine is the wind turbine, which as the name suggests converts the kinetic energy coming from the wind into mechanical and/or electrical energy. If the resulting mechanical energy is directly used by a nearby or even attached machinery (e.g., pump or grinding stones), the turbine device is usually referred to as a windmill. But if this mechanical energy is used to generate electricity, then, the device is called a wind turbine, wind generator, or wind energy converter (WEC; Reynolds 1970). Wind turbines can be three-bladed, two-bladed, or even one-bladed (counterbalanced). Computer-controlled motors point them to the direction of the winds. Danish turbine manufacturers have utilized the three-bladed turbine type. This type of wind turbine has high tip speeds (even reaching up to 6 times the speed of the wind), low torque ripple, and high efficiency, which contributes to the overall good reliability. This type of turbine is the one that is being commercially used to generate electricity. In many cases, the blades are colored in such a way that it blends with the clouds. The length of these blades usually ranges from 20 to 40 meters (or about 70 to 100 feet) or more, while the height is about 200 to 295 feet. Contemporary wind turbine models rotate at a speed of 16.6 rpm (revolution per minute). As a safety precaution to avoid overspeed damage, most wind turbines are equipped with automatic shutdown features during strong winds (Reynolds 1970; Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia 2007). There are other kinds of turbines, albeit fewer and smaller ones, in existence. These are the transonic turbines, contra-rotating turbines, statorless turbines, ceramic turbines, and shroudless turbine. Other uses of turbines Almost all electrical energy being used on Earth is generated with any one of the turbines discussed. Turbines with high efficiency can harness approximately 40% of the produced thermal energy, with the rest of the output exhausted as waste heat. Turbines are being utilized by most jet engines to provide mechanical energy from their fuel and working fluid as do most, if not all, power plants and nuclear ships. Reciprocating piston engines (like those found in aircraft engines) can utilize a turbine to drive an intake-air compressor. This configuration is known as the turbocharger (or turbine supercharger) or more colloquially known as â€Å"turbo.† Most turbines are capable of having very high power density the ratio of power to volume, or power to weight. This is due to their ability to function at extremely high speeds (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia 2007). As of yet, no one has established any limitation for this invention of humankind. And with enough research and development, the present capability of these machines can even yield astonishing achievements. Woks Cited Calvert, J. B. â€Å"Turbines.† Date accessed: November 29, 2007 (http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/tech/fluids/turbine.htm). Daugherty, R. L., and J. B. Franzini. Fluid Mechanics. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965. Reynolds, J. Windmills and Watermills. New York: Praeger, 1970. Strandh, S. A History of the Machine. New York: AW Publishers, 1979. â€Å"Turbine.† Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2006. Date accessed: November 29, 2007 (http://www.answers.com/topic/turbine). â€Å"Turbine.† The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 6th ed. Columbia University Press, 2003. Date accessed: November 29, 2007 (http://www.answers.com/topic/turbine). â€Å"Wind turbine.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Date accessed: November 29, 2007 (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wind_turbineoldid=173495357).

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban :: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban - Summary and Evaluation Summary: The book â€Å"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban† is the third book in the series about Harry Potter. In this book, Harry is in his third year at Hogwarts School for Witchcraft and Wizardry. The Prisoner of Azkaban in this book is Sirius Black, who everyone believes is responsible for killing 13 muggles (non-wizards). They also believe he told Voldemort where Lilly and James Potter were hiding. Azkaban is a prison where evil wizards are jailed. At the beginning of the book, Sirius escapes from Azkaban. At Hogwarts, there is a worry that Sirius will come after Harry. There are guards posted around the school. The guards are called Dementors, which are not human, and they feed off human souls and energy. The Dementors have a strange effect on Harry, which makes him blank out and hear his mother’s dying words. Professor Lupin helps Harry create a Patroness to help fight off the effects of the Dementors. While all this is happening, Harry is training for the Quiddich cup championship at school. Harry sees Crookshanks, the cat, wandering around with a big black dog during the night. It turns out that Sirius is an animongous, disguised as the big black dog. After many twists and turns in the story, Sirius ends up meeting Harry. Sirius is really not bad and it is Peter Pettigrew (the rat) that did all the bad things. Sirius and Harry become friends but Pettigrew gets away. Dumbledore, the head of the school, decides that Dementors will never be at the school again because they tried to attack two students. Of course, Harry’s team also wins the Quiddich championship! †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 'The Worst Birthday' ---  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before you start reading the book (and if you've read the previous book!) get the children to make a list of all the important things that happened in the first book that they think the reader will need to know in order to understand and enjoy the second book. Which information is the most important? Which information could the reader manage without? Make a checklist and tick off the information as you read through the second book and as J.K. Rowling mentions it. (GP)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Get the children to write an 'Introduction to Harry Potter' -> the intended audience is a person who hasn't read the first book and wants to understand what all the fuss is about before reading the second book. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban :: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban - Summary and Evaluation Summary: The book â€Å"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban† is the third book in the series about Harry Potter. In this book, Harry is in his third year at Hogwarts School for Witchcraft and Wizardry. The Prisoner of Azkaban in this book is Sirius Black, who everyone believes is responsible for killing 13 muggles (non-wizards). They also believe he told Voldemort where Lilly and James Potter were hiding. Azkaban is a prison where evil wizards are jailed. At the beginning of the book, Sirius escapes from Azkaban. At Hogwarts, there is a worry that Sirius will come after Harry. There are guards posted around the school. The guards are called Dementors, which are not human, and they feed off human souls and energy. The Dementors have a strange effect on Harry, which makes him blank out and hear his mother’s dying words. Professor Lupin helps Harry create a Patroness to help fight off the effects of the Dementors. While all this is happening, Harry is training for the Quiddich cup championship at school. Harry sees Crookshanks, the cat, wandering around with a big black dog during the night. It turns out that Sirius is an animongous, disguised as the big black dog. After many twists and turns in the story, Sirius ends up meeting Harry. Sirius is really not bad and it is Peter Pettigrew (the rat) that did all the bad things. Sirius and Harry become friends but Pettigrew gets away. Dumbledore, the head of the school, decides that Dementors will never be at the school again because they tried to attack two students. Of course, Harry’s team also wins the Quiddich championship! †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 'The Worst Birthday' ---  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before you start reading the book (and if you've read the previous book!) get the children to make a list of all the important things that happened in the first book that they think the reader will need to know in order to understand and enjoy the second book. Which information is the most important? Which information could the reader manage without? Make a checklist and tick off the information as you read through the second book and as J.K. Rowling mentions it. (GP)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Get the children to write an 'Introduction to Harry Potter' -> the intended audience is a person who hasn't read the first book and wants to understand what all the fuss is about before reading the second book.

Bond and Market Capitalization Rate

330-s2013-prac9 1. An American put option gives its holder the right to _________. A. buy the underlying asset at the exercise price on or before the expiration date B. buy the underlying asset at the exercise price only at the expiration date C. sell the underlying asset at the exercise price on or before the expiration date D. sell the underlying asset at the exercise price only at the expiration date 2. An American call option gives the buyer the right to _________. A. buy the underlying asset at the exercise price on or before the expiration date B. buy the underlying asset at the exercise price only at the expiration date C. ell the underlying asset at the exercise price on or before the expiration date D. sell the underlying asset at the exercise price only at the expiration date 3. A European call option gives the buyer the right to _________. A. buy the underlying asset at the exercise price on or before the expiration date B. buy the underlying asset at the exercise price on ly at the expiration date C. sell the underlying asset at the exercise price on or before the expiration date D. sell the underlying asset at the exercise price only at the expiration date 4. You purchase one IBM July 120 call contract for a premium of $5.You hold the option until the expiration date when IBM stock sells for $123 per share. You will realize a ______ on the investment. A. $200 profit B. $200 loss C. $300 profit D. $300 loss 5. At contract maturity the value of a call option is ___________ where X equals the option's strike price and ST is the stock price at contract expiration. A. Max(0, ST – X) B. Min(0, ST – X) C. Max(0, X – ST) D. Min(0, X – ST) 1 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A Long Call Profit = Max[0,($123 – $120)(100)] – $500 = -$200 1. A firm that has an ROE of 12% is considering cutting its dividend payout.The stockholders of the firm desire a dividend yield of 4% and a capital gain yield of 9%. Given this information which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? I. All else equal the firm's growth rate will accelerate after the payout change II. All else equal the firm's stock price will go up after the payout change III. All else equal the firm's P/E ratio will increase after the payout change A. I onlyB. I and II onlyC. II and III onlyD. I, II and III 2. A firm cuts its dividend payout ratio. As a result you know that the firm's _______. A. return on assets will increaseB. arnings retention ratio will increase C. earnings growth rate will fallD. stock price will fall 3. An underpriced stock provides an expected return which is ____________ the required return based on the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). A. less thanB. equal toC. greater thanD. greater than or equal to 4. Stockholders of Dog's R Us Pet Supply expect a 12% rate of return on their stock. Management has consistently been generating a ROE of 15% over the last 5 years but now believes that ROE will be 12% for the next five year s. Given this the firm's optimal dividend payout ratio is now ______.A. 0%B. 100%C. between 0% and 50%D. between 50% and 100% 5. The constant growth dividend discount model (DDM) can be used only when the ___________. A. growth rate is less than or equal to the required returnB. growth rate is greater than or equal to the required return C. growth rate is less than the required returnD. growth rate is greater than the required return 6. Suppose that in 2009 the expected dividends of the stocks in a broad market index equaled $240 million when the discount rate was 8% and the expected growth rate of the dividends equaled 6%.Using the constant growth formula for valuation, if interest rates increase to 9% the value of the market will change by _____. A. -10%B. -20%C. -25%D. -33% 7. You are considering acquiring a common share of Sahali Shopping Center Corporation that you would like to hold for one year. You expect to receive both $1. 25 in dividends and $35 from the sale of the share at the end of the year. The maximum price you would pay for a share today is __________ if you wanted to earn a 12% return. A. $31. 25B. $32. 37C. $38. 47D. $41. 32 8. Eagle Brand Arrowheads has expected earnings of $1. 5 per share and a market capitalization rate of 12%. Earnings are expected to grow at 5% per year indefinitely. The firm has a 40% plowback ratio. By how much does the firm's ROE exceed the market capitalization rate? A. 0. 5%B. 1. 0%C. 1. 5%D. 2. 0% 9. A preferred share of Coquihalla Corporation will pay a dividend of $8. 00 in the upcoming year, and every year thereafter, i. e. , dividends are not expected to grow. You require a return of 7% on this stock. Using the constant growth DDM to calculate the intrinsic value, a preferred share of Coquihalla Corporation is worth _________. A. $13. 50B. $45. 50C. $91. 0D. $114. 29 10. Brevik Builders has an expected ROE of 25%. Its dividend growth rate will be __________ if it follows a policy of paying 30% of earning in t he form of dividends. A. 5. 0%B. 15. 0%C. 17. 5%D. 45. 0% 11. Cache Creek Manufacturing Company is expected to pay a dividend of $3. 36 in the upcoming year. Dividends are expected to grow at 8% per year. The riskfree rate of return is 4% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 14%. Investors use the CAPM to compute the market capitalization rate, and the constant growth DDM to determine the value of the stock. The stock's current price is $84. 0. Using the constant growth DDM, the market capitalization rate is _________. A. 9%B. 12%C. 14%D. 18% 12. Ace Ventura, Inc. has expected earnings of $5 per share for next year. The firm's ROE is 15% and its earnings retention ratio is 40%. If the firm's market capitalization rate is 10%, what is the present value of its growth opportunities? A. $25B. $50C. $75D. $100 13. Flanders, Inc. has expected earnings of $4 per share for next year. The firm's ROE is 8% and its earnings retention ratio is 40%. If the firm's market capitalizat ion rate is 15%, what is the present value of its growth opportunities?A. -$6. 33B. $0C. $20. 34D. $26. 67 14. Cache Creek Manufacturing Company is expected to pay a dividend of $4. 20 in the upcoming year. Dividends are expected to grow at the rate of 8% per year. The riskfree rate of return is 4% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 14%. Investors use the CAPM to compute the market capitalization rate on the stock, and the constant growth DDM to determine the intrinsic value of the stock. The stock is trading in the market today at $84. 00. Using the constant growth DDM and the CAPM, the beta of the stock is _________. A. 1. 4B. 0. 9C. 0. 8D. 0. 5 15.Westsyde Tool Company is expected to pay a dividend of $2. 00 in the upcoming year. The risk-free rate of return is 6% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 12%. Analysts expect the price of Westsyde Tool Company shares to be $29 a year from now. The beta of Westsyde Tool Company's stock is 1. 20. Using a on eperiod valuation model, the intrinsic value of Westsyde Tool Company stock today is _________. A. $24. 29B. $27. 39C. $31. 13D. $34. 52 16. Todd Mountain development Corporation is expected to pay a dividend of $2. 50 in the upcoming year. Dividends are expected to grow at the rate of 8% per year.The risk-free rate of return is 5% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 12%. The stock of Todd Mountain Development Corporation has a beta of 0. 75. Using the CAPM, the return you should require on the stock is _________. A. 7. 25%B. 10. 25%C. 14. 75%D. 21. 00% 17. Interior Airline is expected to pay a dividend of $3 in the upcoming year. Dividends are expected to grow at the rate of 10% per year. The risk-free rate of return is 4% and the expected return on the market portfolio is 13%. The stock of Interior Airline has a beta of 4. 00. Using the constant growth DDM, the intrinsic value of the stock is _________.A. $10. 00B. $22. 73C. $27. 78D. $41. 67 18. Everything equal, w hich variable is negatively related to intrinsic value of a company? A. D1B. D0C. gD. k 19. A common stock pays an annual dividend per share of $1. 80. The risk-free rate is 5 percent and the risk premium for this stock is 4 percent. If the annual dividend is expected to remain at $1. 80 per share, what is the value of the stock? A. $17. 78B. $20. 00C. $40. 00D. None of the above 20. A stock is priced at $45 per share. The stock has earnings per share of $3. 00 and a market capitalization rate of 14%. What is the stock's PVGO?A. $23. 57B. $15. 00C. $19. 78D. $21. 34 21. If a firm has a free cash flow equal to $50 million and that cash flow is expected to grow at 3% forever, what is the total firm value given a WACC of 9. 5%? A. $679 millionB. $715 millionC. $769 millionD. $803 million 22. Next year's earnings are estimated to be $5. 00. The company plans to reinvest 20% of its earnings at 15%. If the cost of equity is 9%, what is the present value of growth opportunities? A. $9. 09B . $10. 10C. $11. 11D. $12. 21 1. A2. B3. C4. B5. C6. D7. B8. A9. D10. C11. B12. A13. A14. B15. B16. B17. A18. D19. B20. A21. C22.C 1. Consider two bonds, A and B. Both bonds presently are selling at their par value of $1,000. Each pay interest of $120 annually. Bond A will mature in 5 years while bond B will mature in 6 years. If the yields to maturity on the two bonds change from 12% to 14%, _________. A. both bonds will increase in value but bond A will increase more than bond B B. both bonds will increase in value but bond B will increase more than bond A C. both bonds will decrease in value but bond A will decrease more than bond B D. both bonds will decrease in value but bond B will decrease more than bond A 2.Everything else equal the __________ the maturity of a bond and the __________ the coupon the greater the sensitivity of the bond's price to interest rate changes. A. longer; higher B. longer; lower C. shorter; higher D. shorter; lower 3. A __________ bond is a bond where the issuer has an option to retire the bond before maturity at a specific price after a specific date. A. callable B. coupon C. puttable D. treasury 4. In an era of particularly low interest rates, which of the following bonds is most likely to be called? A. Zero coupon bonds B. Coupon bonds selling at a discount C. Coupon bonds selling at a premium D.Floating rate bonds 5. A coupon bond which pays interest of 4% annually, has a par value of $1,000, matures in 5 years, and is selling today at $785. The actual yield to maturity on this bond is _________. A. 7. 2% B. 8. 8% C. 9. 1% D. 9. 6% 6. A coupon bond which pays interest of $60 annually, has a par value of $1,000, matures in 5 years, and is selling today at a $75. 25 discount from par value. The current yield on this bond is _________. A. 6. 00% B. 6. 49% C. 6. 73% D. 7. 00% 7. A coupon bond which pays interest semi-annually has a par value of $1,000, matures in 8 years, and has a yield to maturity of 6%.If the coupon rate is 7 %, the intrinsic value of the bond today will be __________ (to the nearest dollar). A. $1,000 B. $1,063 C. $1,081 D. $1,100 8. A treasury bond due in one year has a yield of 6. 3% while a treasury bond due in 5 years has a yield of 8. 8%. A bond due in 5 years issued by High Country Marketing Corporation has a yield of 9. 6% while a bond due in one year issued by High Country Marketing Corporation has a yield of 6. 8%. The default risk premiums on the one-year and 5-year bonds issued by High Country Marketing Corp. are respectively __________ and _________. A. 0. 4%, 0. 3% B. 0. 4%, 0. % C. 0. 5%, 0. 5% D. 0. 5%, 0. 8% 9. A zero-coupon bond has a yield to maturity of 5% and a par value of $1,000. If the bond matures in 16 years, it should sell for a price of __________ today. A. $458. 00 B. $641. 00 C. $789. 00 D. $1,100. 00 10. You can be sure that a bond will sell at a premium to par when _________. A. its coupon rate is greater than its yield to maturity B. its coupon rate is le ss than its yield to maturity C. its coupon rate equal to its yield to maturity D. its coupon rate is less than its conversion value 11. Consider a 7-year bond with a 9% coupon and a yield to maturity of 12%.If interest rates remain constant, one year from now the price of this bond will be _________. A. higher B. lower C. the same D. indeterminate 12. The yield to maturity on a bond is ________. I. above the coupon rate when the bond sells at a discount, and below the coupon rate when the bond sells at a premium II. the discount rate that will set the present value of the payments equal to the bond price III. equal to the true compound return on investment only if all interest payments received are reinvested at the yield to maturity A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. I, II and III 13.Assuming semiannual compounding, a 20-year zero coupon bond with a par value of $1,000 and a required return of 12% would be priced at _________. A. $97 B. $104 C. $364 D. $732 14. The yield to maturity of an 10-year zero coupon bond, with a par value of $1,000 and a market price of $625, is _____. A. 4. 8% B. 6. 1% C. 7. 7% D. 10. 4% 15. If the quote for a Treasury bond is listed in the newspaper as 98:09 bid, 98:13 ask, the actual price for you to purchase this bond given a $10,000 par value is _____________. A. $9,828. 12 B. $9,809. 38 C. $9,840. 62 D. $9,813. 42 16. The price on a treasury bond is 104:21 with a yield to maturity of 3. 5%. The price on a comparable maturity corporate bond is 103:11 with a yield to maturity of 4. 59%. What is the approximate percentage value of the credit risk of the corporate bond? A. 1. 14% B. 3. 45% C. 4. 59% D. 8. 04% 17. You buy an 8 year $1000 par value bond today that has a 6% yield and a 6% annual payment coupon. In one year promised yields have risen to 7%. Your one year holding period return was ___. A. 0. 61% B. -5. 39% C. 1. 28% D. -3. 25% 18. If the coupon rate on a bond is 4. 50% and the bond is selling at a premium, which of the following is the most likely yield to maturity on the bond?A. 4. 30% B. 4. 50% C. 5. 20% D. 5. 50% 19. All other things equal, which of the following has the longest duration? A. A 30 year bond with a 10% coupon B. A 20 year bond with a 9% coupon C. A 20 year bond with a 7% coupon D. A 10 year zero coupon bond 20. All other things equal, which of the following has the shortest duration? A. A 30 year bond with a 10% coupon B. A 20 year bond with a 9% coupon C. A 20 year bond with a 7% coupon D. A 10 year zero coupon bond 21. (Challenge question) A pension fund must pay out $1 million next year, $2 million the following year and then $3 million the year after that.If the discount rate is 8% what is the duration of this set of payments? A. 2. 00 years B. 2. 15 years C. 2. 29 years D. 2. 53 years 22. All other things equal, which of the following has the longest duration? A. A 20 year bond with a 10% coupon yielding 10% B. A 20 year bond with a 10% coupon yielding 11% C. A 20 yea r zero coupon bond yielding 10% D. A 20 year zero coupon bond yielding 11% 23. Because of convexity, when interest rates change the actual bond price will ____________ the bond price predicted by duration. A. always be higher than B. sometimes be higher than C. always be lower than D. ometimes be lower than 24. Duration is a concept that is useful in assessing a bond's _________. A. credit risk B. liquidity risk C. price volatility D. convexity risk 25. A pension fund has an average duration of its liabilities equal to 15 years. The fund is looking at 5 year maturity zero coupon bonds and 4% yield perpetuities to immunize its interest rate risk. How much of its portfolio should it allocate to the zero coupon bonds to immunize if there are no other assets funding the plan? A. 52% B. 48% C. 33% D. 25% 26. You own a bond that has a duration of 6 years. Interest rates are urrently 7% but you believe the Fed is about to increase interest rates by 25 basis points. Your predicted price cha nge on this bond is ________. A. +1. 40% B. -1. 40% C. -2. 51% D. +2. 51% 27. A bank has an average duration of its liabilities equal to 2 years. The bank's average duration of its assets is 3. 5 years. The bank's market value of equity is at risk if _______________________. A. interest rates fall B. credit spreads fall C. interest rates rise D. the price of all fixed income securities rises 28. Banks and other financial institutions can best manage interest rate risk by _____________. A. aximizing the duration of assets and minimizing the duration of liabilities B. minimizing the duration of assets and maximizing the duration of liabilities C. matching the durations of their assets and liabilities D. matching the maturities of their assets and liabilities 29. The duration of a portfolio of bonds can be calculated as _______________. A. the coupon weighted average of the durations of the individual bonds in the portfolio B. the yield weighted average of the durations of the individu al bonds in the portfolio C. the value weighed average of the durations of the individual bonds in the portfolio D. verages of the durations of the longest and shortest duration bonds in the portfolio 30. Rank the interest sensitivity of the following from most sensitive to an interest rate change to the least sensitive. I. 8% coupon, noncallable 20 year maturity, par bond II. 9% coupon, currently callable 20 year maturity, premium bond III. Zero coupon, 30 year maturity bond A. I, II, III B. II, III, I C. III, I, II D. III, II, I 31. A bank has $50 million in assets, $47 million in liabilities and $3 million in shareholders' equity. If the duration of its liabilities are 1. and the bank wants to immunize its net worth against interest rate risk and thus set the duration of equity equal to zero, it should select assets with an average duration of _________. A. 1. 22 B. 1. 50 C. 1. 60 D. 2. 00 A bond pays annual interest. Its coupon rate is 9%. Its value at maturity is $1,000. It mat ures in four years. Its yield to maturity is currently 6%. 32. The duration of this bond is _______ years. A. 2. 44 B. 3. 23 C. 3. 56 D. 4. 10 33. The modified duration of this bond is ______ years. A. 4. 00 B. 3. 56 C. 3. 36 D. 3. 05 34. A bond with a 9-year duration is worth $1,080. 0 and its yield to maturity is 8%. If the yield to maturity falls to 7. 84%, you would predict that the new value of the bond will be _________. A. $1,035 B. $1,036 C. $1,094 D. $1,124 35. When interest rates increase, the duration of a 20-year bond selling at a premium _________. A. increases B. decreases C. remains the same D. increases at first, then declines 36. Duration facilitates the comparison of bonds with differing ___________ A. default risk B. conversion ratios C. maturities D. yields to maturity 37. The historical yield spread between the AA bond and the AAA bond has been 25 basis points.Currently the spread is only 9 basis points. If you believe the spread will soon return to its historic al levels you should ________________________. A. buy the AA and short the AAA B. buy both the AA and the AAA C. buy the AAA and short the AA D. short both the AA and the AAA 38. The duration of a bond normally increases with an increase in _________. I. term-to-maturity II. yield-to-maturity. III. coupon rate A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III 39. Compute the modified duration of a 9% coupon, 3-year corporate bond with a yield to maturity of 12%. A. 2. 45 B. 2. 75 C. 2. 88 D. 3. 00 40.An 8%, 30-year bond has a yield-to-maturity of 10% and a modified duration of 8. 0 years. If the market yield drops by 15 basis points, there will be a __________ in the bond's price. A. 1. 15% decrease B. 1. 20% increase C. 1. 53% increase D. 2. 43% decrease 41. To create a portfolio with a duration of 4 years using a 5 year zero-coupon bond and a 3 year 8% annual coupon bond with a yield to maturity of 10%, one would have to invest ________ of the portfolio value in the z ero-coupon bond. A. 50% B. 55% C. 60% D. 75% 42. Which of the following set of conditions will result in a bond with the greatest price volatility?A. A high coupon and a short maturity. B. A high coupon and a long maturity. C. A low coupon and a short maturity. D. A low coupon and a long maturity. 43. An investor who expects declining interest rates would maximize their capital gain by purchasing a bond that has a ___ coupon and a ___ term to maturity. A. low; long B. high; short C. high; long D. zero; long 44. A zero coupon bond is selling at a deep discount price of $430. 00. It matures in 13 years. If the yield to maturity of the bond is 6. 7%, what is the duration of the bond? A. 6. 7 years B. 8. 0 years C. 10 years D. 13 years 45.Convexity implies that duration predictions _______. I. underestimate the % increase in bond price when the yield falls II. underestimate the % decrease in bond price when the yield rises III. overestimates the % increase in bond price when the yield f alls IV. overestimates the % decrease in bond price when the yield rises A. I and III only B. II and IV only C. I and IV only D. II and III only 1. D2. B3. A4. C5. D6. B7. B8. D9. A10. A11. A12. D13. A14. A15. C16. A17. A18. A19. A20. D21. C22. C23. A24. C25. A27. C28. C29. C30. C31. A32. C33. C34. C35. B36. C37. C38. A39. A40. B41. B42. D43. D44. D45. C

An Effective Teacher Essay

The qualities that define an effective teacher are very complex in my opinion. Everyone seems to have different ideas as to what the key indicators are. They range from; professionalism, communication, professional development, managing, guiding and strategies. There are even those of the opinion that it doesn’t matter what you do, children will always learn. However I have chosen professionalism as I believe that it is an essential attribute to being an effective teacher. Professionalism is defined by Merriam-Webster’s dictionary as â€Å"Characterised by or conforming to the technical or ethical standard of one’s profession. (Belcher). In order to gain and preserve the respect and trust of students, parents and colleagues alike and to provide students with the best education possible it is important to demonstrate professional conduct and practice. The guidelines for professionalism in the teaching profession are provided by Code of Ethics, National Profession al Standards for Teachers and Duty of Care. These define the â€Å"what†. The key however is being or acting professional, this is the â€Å"how†, the effectiveness of a teacher. This is the true measure of professionalism. Some of the primary demonstrable characteristics or attributes of a professional teacher are communication, morals and ethics and professional development. Communication is an essential aspect in education, the means to send and receive clear messages to and from students, teachers, parents and community members. It establishes positive and effective relationships and connections with the involved parties. Communication can be in many forms namely verbal, non-verbal or written and used by teachers to constantly impart new knowledge or important information. The ability for teachers to apply the characteristics of good and effective communication in all its forms, to a diverse audience with different backgrounds and interests and to minimise the barriers, for example noise, misunderstanding or misinterpretation of the messages are the makings of an effective teacher. In the article by Prozesky, he states that the most effectual way to overcome these barriers is to have two-way communication with regular feedback provided by the receivers. Professional ethics is not achieved by only purely applying the ethical codes of practice nor professional standards which embody the core principles but by also applying professional skills and personal skills (caring and nurturing) and ethical behaviour in the form of attitude, intention, words, acknowledgement, respect (inside and outside of the classroom), fairness and equity with regards to individual circumstances, colour, creed, age, social-economic status, to name a few. Brock (1998) says that when dealing with ethics and professional standards there are two questions to ask; what should one do and what one should not do, what is right and what is wrong and what is appropriate and what is inappropriate. These questions result in a number of ethical dilemmas that face the teacher such as truth versus loyalty, individual versus community and religion versus morals. Early Childhood Australia has published a guide to help teachers deal with every day ethical dilemmas. According to Marsh (2010) ethical decisions have been categorised into five different levels of decision making. Open decision making, limited decision making, decisions made by the teacher, security seeking (delegation) and avoidance. Several ethical relationships exist within the dynamics of a school environment; these include ethical relationship between the teacher and the education system for example, the education system restricts teachers on what they should teach. The teacher and the principal, an example being that the teacher and principal have different values and the principal’s values will over ride those of the teacher. The teacher and the students where the teacher develops emotional bonds with his or her students and there is a mutual respect between teacher and student. The third quality that defines an effective teacher is professional development. In order to be a good teacher you need to be a good learner too. The demands on teachers to find new ideas and forms of teaching are increasing. Teachers need to be innovative and therefore attend professional development days which will help them continuously enhance their competencies and provide their students with problem solving skills and advanced thinking thus elevating them to higher levels of achievement. The desire to expand their knowledge base, stay current and gain a broader exposure to information provides this opportunity. Through numerous examples it is clear how important communication, ethics and professional development are to professionalism. These attributes will help teachers to be more effective in imparting knowledge and wisdom to their students. All of these attributes will allow the students to really focus their energies on learning and engaging with their education. Even though all of the attributes are vital for effective teaching one must never forget that the purpose of effective teaching is â€Å"that teachers make a difference†, (Boyd, 2009).

T he subject of international political economy, e Essays

T he subject of international political economy, e Essays T he subject of international political economy, emphasize on the politics of international economic relations. One can expect to deal with economic issues of trade, finance, production, environment and development, but not from the perspective of economic theory. Instead , this write up seeks to explore International Relations concepts, ideas and literatures on the economic relations among states, and between states a nd non-state actors such as firms, societal groups and international organisations . The focus will therefore be on the political problems tha t arise as a consequence of the increasing density of international e conomic relations. This essay seeks to compare and contrast the realist and liberalist perspective in relation to the international political economy. Realism and liberalism are useful theories when considering international relations, and in fact having the two opposing . International relations can be used to describe the academic pursuit to gain an understanding of how nations interact with each other (Dunne and S Smith 2005). However, it can be argue d that in the globalised and multi - stakeholder world that now exists , a focus purely on the states involved will not be able to fully explain the actions and reactions on the international stage. This paper describe s international relations as the interactions of all stakeholders involved in setting nationally interested policies and the related diplomacy required to execute said policies . This wide view of international relations will test both realism and liberalism since both theories were established to explain the actions and reactions of the individual citizen, but have subsequently been grafted o n to the study of state systems . Therefore, both theories look to extrapolate the individual to the system view. This also suggests that both theories look to the state as the principle actors. It is easy to argue that realism has been the predominant theory in the previous decades, this is most prevalent in the language and naming principles of the epochs throughout time which are always pre- or post- a named conflict. It is also true to say that realism has a natural home in international relations, which has always traditionally focused on the conflicts and tensions between nations, with realism "depicting a world characterised b y security competition and war" . This could be in part due to the large-scale conflicts that have shaped and re-shaped the world in the last century, with realism providing a useful theory to assist in understanding the conflict-led means of ordering the world. The most recent of which was the Cold War which proved realism on the global scale as the bi-polar world between the US and USSR seemingly edged closer to conflict through continuous competition, suggesting a anarchic world competing for survival and dominance. There are three main types of realism which have been developed as the theory is continually challenged by actual events. Classical Realism focuses on the innate desire for humans to dominate one-another and extrapolates this view to states. Neorealism suggests that all states are seeking to survive within an international system, but as that system is anarchic in nature each state must survive on its own( Cooper 2004). Burchill describes this as states being "thwarted by the absence of an overarching authority which regulates their behaviour towards each other." The latest addition to Realism is the Offence- Defence Theory, which suggests that "war was more likely when states could conquer each other easily. When defence was easier than offence, however, security was more plentiful, incentives to expand declined and cooperation could blossom." This line of thought may seem fairly logical, that a state wil l only engage another state where it believes it has the ability to win. However, it could be used to explain why the number of state-on-state actions has decreased without discounting the whole realist way of thinking. It also rather simplistically places nations alongside each other as "like-units' engaging in instrumentally rational decision making." It is both the simplicity of understanding nations as like-units' as well as the notion of states acting perfectly rationally which if often cited as a reason against realism. Realism is certainly an easier theory to define, and provides a simple measure for the casual o bserver

French Number Expressions - Confusing Pairs

French Number Expressions - Confusing Pairs There are several confusing pairs and difficult expressions related to French numbers. Floor System Differences The numbering system of the floors in a building may be difficult for American English speakers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American English  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  British English Rez-de-chaussà ©e  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First floor  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ground floor Premier à ©tage  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Second floor  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First floor Deuxià ¨me à ©tage  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Third floor  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Second floor The meaning of premier changes depending on the preposition that precedes it. Au premier  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At/On the first Au premier à ©tage  Ã‚  On the second floor  Ã‚  On the first floor En premier  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first in a sequence En premier lieu  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first place, Firstly De premier/premià ¨re (prix, qualità ©)  The top (prize) or best (quality) Two Words for the Same Number in French There are two French words for the English ordinal number second (2nd): second  and deuxià ¨me. They are essentially interchangeable, but there is a general, not always followed guideline: Second  is often used when something is the second in a series of only two things. Deuxià ¨me tends to be used when theres a third, fourth, etc. Following this guideline allows you to add some interesting nuances to your words. La seconde guerre mondiale  Ã‚  World War II (the second and last) La deuxià ¨me guerre mondiale  Ã‚  World War II (the second of how many?) There are two words for third and fourth - one for the ordinal number and another for the fraction troisià ¨me  Ã‚   third (in a series) un tiers  Ã‚  Ã‚   one third quatrià ¨me  Ã‚  fourth (in a series) un quart  Ã‚   one fourth

Examination of the Relationship between HRM Practices and Retention of Thesis

Examination of the Relationship between HRM Practices and Retention of Skilled Workers - Thesis Example among many empirical studies is the discovery of how HRM practices actually result in improved firm performance, although firm performance is construed in different ways. Some pertain to enhancement of specific employee skills. For Prieto and Santana (2012), the specific skill they sought to confirm was ambidexterity – i.e., the ability to simultaneously explore new knowledge domains while exploiting current ones. A field study of 198 Spanish companies was conducted, focusing on three categories of high-involvement human resource practices: ability-enhancing, motivation-enhancing and opportunity-enhancing HR practices. Factor loading and regression analysis were conducted on the HR practices and three other variables – social climate (as the mediating factor), ambidexterity, and firm performance. Findings from the study showed that HR practices contribute to establishing social climates which, in turn enhance ambidextrous learning and ultimately firm performance. One ob servation that may be made on this study is that the effect of HR practices on ambidexterity is not directly causal, but indirect. It is likely that the social climates created by HR practices also enhance a number of other skills likewise favourable to firm performance. HR practices are therefore contributory, but not determinative, of the likelihood of skills development, including ambidexterity. HR practices are also seen to impact on firm performance relative to the ownership structure of the firm. Castrogiovanni and Kidwell (2010) examined the effects of HR practices on employee or franchisee managers and the resultant performance of their business units. A business unit that operates as a franchise imposes a different set of constraints upon management than that of a business unit integral to the parent corporation. Franchising has variably been described as a geographic expansion strategy, a type of vertical integration, an organisational form, or an approach to conducting business,

Cancer Pain Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cancer Pain - Literature review Example The nurses need to understand how to apply their clinical knowledge in the management of pain by identifying the type of pain patient presents with, along with the right medication or treatment strategy to manage it. MANAGEMENT OF CANCER PAIN Pain is one of the most common features of cancer, but it can present itself at any stage and can be both acute and chronic in type. Around 90% of the patients with cancer are likely to experience certain type of pain. This severity is likely to increase should proper medication is not given at the right time (Cancer Pain Overview, 2011). Defined as a physiological identification of a series of electrical and chemical events, pain can take many shapes and levels of severity. Not only the cancer itself but also other clinical situations may cause pain, which may or may not be related to the disease. These may include surgery, use of certain medications and the effects of radiation therapy (Cancer Pain Overview, 2011). Nurses come across the manag ement of pain very regularly, not only in cancer, but also in other care aspects as well. However, cancer pain management is much more challenging due to the constantly changing dynamics of health of the cancer patients. Many reports reveal that although pain is the most common complaint one presents with, it often is not managed properly, with the result that patients do not find complete relief from their ailment (Pain Management, nd). Nurses therefore, have been working on this area of research and creating ways to identify best practices of controlling and eliminating pain, with ease to both the staff and the patient (Zepettella, 2009). The intensity of pain can be of many types and durations, and based on these two factors, the treatment therapy and approach is determined. Patients may have varying types and intensities of pain within the same day, therefore, it is important to analyze and identify they type of pain they are experiencing. At one moment the pain may be regular p ain that is a feature of the normal body. At the other moment, the pain may be of breakthrough kind (Zepettella, 2009). Still other type of pain may be taking place due to pressure on the surrounding structures. Therefore, the key need by nursing professionals will be to correctly analyze the type, severity, duration and cause of pain. There are many concerns that nurses may have regarding provision of pain medication. Nurses are concerned that providing high doses of medication can lead to substance abuse among patients. They also believe that pain should be treated when it occurs and unnecessary medication before the onset of pain is unnecessary. Nurses believe that pain should be physically expressed in order to receive the medication, and that patients may exaggerate their level of pain, which may lead to overdose. These and other such reasons may make nurses hesitate in providing pain medication or high doses of pain medication to their patients (Pain Management, nd). The pain in cancer can be of many types, and the chief determinant is the location where the tumor is expanding along with the regional structures that may be affected by it. Types of pain in cancer from can include nerve and bone pain, soft tissue pain, phantom pain and referred pain respectively (Zepettella, 2009). Some of the common reasons that can trigger such pain include blocked blood vessels in the tumor region, leading to poor circulation of blood, fracture of bones mostly

Hazard and vulnerability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hazard and vulnerability - Essay Example The assumption that 'natural' disasters are inherently and predominantly natural phenomena has tended to exclude the social sciences from consideration in much of the spending that is done in disaster preparedness. This is despite the fact that over the last twenty years a considerable literature on disasters has emerged from human geography, sociology, anthropology and (to a lesser extent) economics. For many years, social science has contributed to policy formation for disasters (especially in the Third World) through the activities of many Non-Government Organisations (NGOs). The initial development of vulnerability analysis is then rooted in social science, and in a sense has constituted a political economy of disasters to the analysis of devastating events that are normally associated with natural hazards. At its most simplistic, vulnerability analysis asserts that for there to be a disaster there has to be not only a natural hazard, but also a vulnerable population. Much of the conventional work on disasters has been dominated by 'hard science', and has been a product of the prominence that natural phenomena have acquired in the disaster causation process. But this 'physicalist' approach is also a result of the social construction of disasters as events that demonstrate the human condition as subordinate to Nature.

Ballet or football Essay Example for Free

Ballet or football Essay Ballet and football are both difficult sports to master; however, someone once said, â€Å"If ballet were any easier, they’d call it football. † What makes for a good sport? Every sport has rules and regulations that one must follow in order to play. The sport requires specific skills such as strength, coordination, and speed. A good sport has a certain level of safety to keep the participants safe and requires a lot of teamwork so that every is playing together. I personally think ballet is the more technical of the two. Ballet is much more complex than football. Every sport requires you to follow certain guidelines. In football, the player can’t grab the opponent in certain ways or a yellow flag will be thrown on the ground to indicate holding or some penalty that no one has even heard of before. Football has rules that the team must obey. On the other hand, ballet is less restricted than football. They are no rules in ballet. Ballet is a form of art; there are no limitations on art. Ballet is not about winning or following any rules; it is about expression through movement. Although there is more freedom in ballet, there is a lot of technique required. You must hold your arms a certain way so that they do not droop, and you must always remember the turn out of your thigh when you tendu. Ballet may not have rules, but there are still plenty of little details to remember. Strength is a major component of almost any sport. In football, the quarterback relies on two hundred and fifty pound linemen to block so that he can get the ball in the end zone. The defensive linemen have to use their upper body strength to hold the opposing team and keep them from getting to the ball. They use their lower body to stand strong to hold their ground like grabbing a bull by the horns. Ballet requires a totally different kind of strength than football does. Dancers use their upper bodies to hold their arms above their heads in a perfect beach ball shaped fifth position while still keeping their shoulders down for thirty minutes at a time. They use their lower body strength to push out of a plie to a pique turn and have to maintain the core strength, so they do not wobble too much. Football does not require much coordination. It wasn’t a sport that was meant to be pretty. It was meant to be rough and rugged for the manliest of men. While watching the game, half of the time you don’t even know if they meant to fall down or if they just happen to be clumsy enough to fall over their own two feet. It tends to be one big dog pile play after play. In ballet, coordination is everything. Dancers must make sure they are in the exact spot that they are supposed to be at and be in sync with every other dancer on the stage. Pierce Brosnan said, Love is a lot like dancing; you just surrender to the music (Willcutt). Every beat must be a white flag waving and show complete dedication to the music. Dancers have to be coordinated enough to do long elaborate pieces of choreography while still maintaining a smile on their faces. Ballerinas must make every single movement appear effortless. In football, speed is very important when a wide receiver is trying to run the ball down the field. It is his speed that helps him to pass by the other players in lightning speed so fast that they do not even know what hit them. I know what you’re thinking†¦. why would you need speed in ballet? However, not one ballerina would ever dream of doing a slow fouette, a move in which you whip your leg around to spin. It would be a disaster. Fouettes are meant to be fast to get your body around faster to make your pirouettes prettier. Speed and extreme focus is what makes a ballerina capable of turning. Although countless football players get hurt yearly, they have equipment that is specifically designed to keep them from serious injury. Football players risk injury every time they step foot out on that field, but if they fall down, their equipment is there to take the majority of the impact. Safety is important in any sport you play; that is why in football the players wear pads and helmets for protection. However, dancers must maintain a flawless posture to keep from injuring themselves. There is no special equipment for a dancer to use to keep themselves to safe. A dancer must rely on stretching to warm up his or her muscles. Dancers have to take every good care of their ankles and knees because they are constantly at risk of injury. If a dancer twists her ankle on stage during a performance, she doesn’t call in the second string. She sucks it up, puts on a brave face, and keeps on dancing. Teamwork is important in football because if you don’t read your guards, then you are liable to screw the entire play up. The player must know what the play is and what exact role everyone is going to play. The players huddle up before each play to strategize against the other team. They break off and have to rely on their teammates to do what is required of them. Vince Lombardi said, â€Å"People who work together will win, whether it be against complex football defenses, or the problems of modern society† (Family of Vince). When you think of the word team, you don’t exactly picture a group of ballerinas dancing on a shiny hardwood stage. You stereotypically think of the Pittsburg Steelers or some other NFL team. However, in ballet, every dancer is part of a team. You have to be so in tune with one another that as soon as the music begins, everyone begins to dance as if a bunch of puppets moving on strings. If one â€Å"teammate† loses rhythm then the whole performance suffers. Dancers rehearse with their fellow dancers for weeks and weeks to perfect their dance so that it will be flawless. In the end, ballet and football require a great amount of passion and determination. If you do not have the heart, you will not be willing to put in the blood, sweat, and tears that it takes to pursue the sport whole-heartedly. Although football may be a little easier, both sports demand a lot of hard work. Works Cited Family of Vince Lombardi c/o Luminary Group LLC. â€Å"Famous Quotes by Vince Lombardi. † Vince Lombardi. 2010. Web. October 4, 2012. Willcutt, Sara. â€Å"Dance Quotes 3. † Ascending Star Dance- An Internet Dance Magazine. 2007. Web. October 4, 2012.